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HQS-620 Project Management Methodologies Template

Directions: Research information about the project management methodologies listed below to complete the table. In addition, conduct your own research on other project management methodologies and include this in the table below. The assignment requires a minimum of two or three scholarly resources. A resource may be used more than once in the last column of the template.

Project Management Methodology

Description

Pros

Cons

Example of when this methodology would be appropriate

Scholarly Resource

Lean/Six Sigma

Lean Six Sigma is a managerial approach that combines the concepts of Lean and Six Sigma. In the conventional sense, Lean seeks to eliminate the eight types of waste, whereas Six Sigma helps to enhance the output process efficiency by detecting and correcting the sources of defects (errors) and reducing variability in organizational processes (Antony et al., 2018). Using the Lean Six Sigma methodology, the five stages strive to find the underlying cause of inefficiencies and may be used in any process that has a substantial quantity of data or quantifiable qualities accessible. Health-care organizations rely heavily on Lean Six Sigma approaches because they have the ability to decrease faults that might lead to medical mistakes.

For starters, applying Six Sigma extends a continual process improvement technique to all levels of the organization. I individual operations will keep improving over time once the system has been integrated into the company’s culture. This is due to the fact that the system closely monitors the processes, finding and addressing problems as they arise. Embracing a culture of recognizing and eliminating potential flaws before they arise, rather than trying to correct them after they have occurred, helps companies save money and time that would otherwise be spent on fixing the problem.

Six Sigma, by nature of being a quality improvement method rather than a cost reduction strategy, may not always result in cost reductions, which is a surprising finding. In rare instances, it might even result in an increase in production costs. This is due to the fact that the cost reductions realized as a result of eliminating returned items, costly reworks, and faulty products are only a consequence of the process improvement. With time, incremental quality improvement may result in additional overhead and capital expenditures being incurred, wiping out any savings that were initially realized.

Six Sigma, by nature of being a quality improvement method rather than a cost reduction strategy, may not always result in cost reductions, which is a surprising finding. In rare instances, it might even result in an increase in production costs. This is due to the fact that the cost reductions realized as a result of eliminating returned items, costly reworks, and faulty products are only a consequence of the process improvement. With time, incremental quality improvement may result in additional overhead and capital expenditures being incurred, wiping out any savings that were initially realized.

Antony, J., Palsuk, P., Gupta, S., Mishra, D., & Barach, P. (2018). Six Sigma in healthcare: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(5), 1075–1092. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-02-2017-0027

Waterfall

The waterfall technique is an approach that stresses a linear flow from the start of a project to the completion of the project. Engineering professionals use the approach on a frequent basis as the approach depends on extensive planning, documentation, and sequential execution. In waterfall project management, the project is meticulously planned out, with specific needs and deliverables for each step. Progress is documented on a regular basis throughout the route, and each phase is finished before the next one is initiated.

The first advantage of this method is that it uses a clear structure which avoids confusion during a project. Its methodical nature enables the clean transfer of information from one phase to another.

One downside of the method is the lack of flexibility which makes incorporating changes in the project to be difficult (Ivаnоvа & Kadurin, 2021). Testing is delayed until the completion of the project which can be costly if anything was done wrong.

For example, conducting a health promotion project in a targeted community would be appropriate in using this methodology because of its clear structure

Ivаnоvа, D., & Kadurin, V. (2021). A new proposed software development methodology for healthcare industry. THERMOPHYSICAL BASIS of ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (TBET 2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042261

PDSA

This methodology is used to carry out change and improve processes (Christoff, 2018). The model follows steps that include planning, do, study, and act.

The advantages of this methodology include easy implementation as it requires less bureaucracy. The method is also less disruptive to both staff and patients hence one is less likely to encounter resistance when using the method (Christoff, 2018).

It is more time-consuming, and this strategy divides process improvement into smaller segments. The method is not ideal for emergencies or difficult situations. (Christoff, 2018).

The method is appropriate for small projects which are less disruptive to the organization.

Christoff, P. (2018). Running PDSA cycles. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 48(8), 198–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2018.08.006

Agile

The approach involves a breakdown of a project into manageable parts that are easy to execute. The method heavily relies on continuous improvement at every stage and the ongoing cooperation of all stakeholders (Holden et al., 2021).

This approach is “more adaptable than other methods, allowing it to respond to changes considerably more quickly (Holden et al., 2021). At the beginning of each cycle, a client can add, remove, or amend requirements, as well as adjust priorities,” providing guidance to the design team on the work for the following iteration. This approach is also associated with better communication and fast release of products.

Some of the cons of this approach include difficulty in predicting the final outcome, limited documentation, and poor resource planning (Holden et al., 2021).

This approach is ideal for healthcare informatics projects for example developing and launching a software program.

Holden, R. J., Boustani, M. A., & Azar, J. (2021). Agile Innovation to transform healthcare: innovating in complex adaptive systems is an everyday process, not a light bulb event. BMJ Innovations, 7(2), 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000574

Scrum

Scrum is a project management approach “that is based on incremental and iterative techniques and is used in the creation of healthcare information systems. SCRUM leverages the agile framework that aims to create value” for clients at every stage of a project life cycle. It is adaptive, rapid, flexible, and effective (Holden et al., 2021).

This approach can assist teams in ensuring project deliverables are completed as per the schedule and in an efficient manner. It ensures that time and resources are used efficiently. Large projects are broken down into manageable tasks (Holden et al., 2021).

This approach is associated with scope creep as there is no definite end date put on the project. The approach is also ideal for small teams and larger teams can be challenging to manage (Holden et al., 2021). The approach demands cooperation and a commitment from everyone less the project fails.

This methodology is appropriate for the development of software to be used in health care informatics.

Holden, R. J., Boustani, M. A., & Azar, J. (2021). Agile Innovation to transform healthcare: innovating in complex adaptive systems is an everyday process, not a light bulb event. BMJ Innovations, 7(2), 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000574

Reference

Antony, J., Palsuk, P., Gupta, S., Mishra, D., & Barach, P. (2018). Six Sigma in healthcare: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(5), 1075–1092. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-02-2017-0027

Christoff, P. (2018). Running PDSA cycles. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 48(8), 198–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2018.08.006

Holden, R. J., Boustani, M. A., & Azar, J. (2021). Agile Innovation to transform healthcare: innovating in complex adaptive systems is an everyday process, not a light bulb event. BMJ Innovations, 7(2), 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000574

Ivаnоvа, D., & Kadurin, V. (2021). A new proposed software development methodology for healthcare industry. THERMOPHYSICAL BASIS of ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (TBET 2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042261

© 2022. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

4

Role of a Project Manager

Role of Project Manager

Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE

1

Role of a Project Management

Problem Outlined in the Case Study

A big, acute-care, educational hospital with over six hundred beds, one thousand doctors, and two thousand caregivers, therapists, technicians and support employees serving over 300,000 individuals from the neighboring urban region, the U.S at large and the globe is not addressing patients’ requirements effectively. The specialty practice appears to have problems with client services, emotional support and accessibility. The clients expressed their concerns, including inaccessibility to specialized treatments due to an inability to acquire admittance to the service. Attendance at scheduled appointments by clinicians and patients was also observed to be poor due to the specialists’ heavy workloads. Emotional assistance was also difficult to come by. Some nurses considered that providing emotional support was an infringement and an inconvenience to patients. Other nursing staff appeared to have a feeling of entitlement and limitless job security so they did not seem to bother how they served the patients. Furthermore, interpersonal interactions among staff members were dysfunctional. As a result, the facility launched a quality improvement effort to address the highlighted issues. The purpose of this paper is to outline the project’s goals as well as the project manager’s responsibilities in the change management process.

Projects Goal

Quality improvement interventions were implemented in order to increase the number of patients who had access to services. The project’s goal was to lower the number of dropped calls and low inaccessibility. As a result, the organization also sought to improve customer service, access to care and emotional support by nursing staff. Other aspects, such as improved interpersonal interactions and employee engagement, were necessary to achieve these goals.

Planning

Project managers play a critical role in the design and execution of quality improvement interventions. They collaborate with other partners to ascertain a company’s objectives and build a strategy aimed at achieving certain goals (Wen & Qiang, 2019). This requires open communication with the staff. Planning facilitates the establishment of the project’s scope, as well as the estimation of the project’s cost, timeframe, and risks. During the planning stage, the project manager determines and details the project’s goals, as well as the work required to meet specific project objectives.

Organizing

Project managers employ a variety of project management methodologies to assemble the teams required to complete a project. This requires correctly recognizing and involving stakeholders (Müller et al., 2019). For instance, in the case study, additional hospital workers in the impacted specialty were employed. Additionally, with the project manager’s agreement, the entire crew was sent to customer service training using hospital resources.

Budgeting

Project managers determine the persons and assets required to achieve a project’s objectives. They then organize the resources required for project execution. They also make certain that the project stays within the budgeted timelines. They accomplish this by examining the funding and project plans on a regular basis.

Monitoring progress

The manager has to make sure that crucial project’s goals are met. They do it by doing a comparison between the scorecard metrics and the projects aim (Wen & Qiang, 2019). The project’s true performance is contrasted to the predicted performance. They also investigate, analyze and assess risks to project execution. The project manager in the case study had to analyze the project results. Feedback to personnel and required project revisions were measures done as a result of continual monitoring of project implementation performance.

Managing records and documentation

Managers of projects are responsible for making that practices and reports are up-to-date and detailed. Staff participation, methods, and timeliness can all be demonstrated through reports. Effective decision can be aided by current documentation (Wen & Qiang, 2019). They are responsible for performing a study and gathering information through observations, recording them and creating reports that may be utilized in identifying trends and areas which need to be improved.

Healthcare quality and safety initiatives

Healthcare project managers are in charge of initiatives aimed at enhancing efficiency and ensuring the safety of patients and staff (Müller et al., 2019). Information and needs assessment are critical for quality improvement programs. Stakeholders are included in order to guarantee that treatments are standardized and ethically sound. They are responsible for directing and coordinating the project’s execution team members.

References

Müller, R., Drouin, N., & Sankaran, S. (2019). Modeling Organizational Project Management. Project Management Journal, 50(4), 499-513. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972819847876

Wen, Q., & Qiang, M. (2019). Project Managers’ Competences in Managing Project Closing. Project Management Journal, 50(3), 361-375. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972819832783

Assessment Description Part 2


Steps Involved in Initiating and Designing a Project

Developing the charter made it possible to understand how nursing improvement is critical in the current environment during the process of creating the charter. Formulating a project for a health care setting requires that certain critical steps need to be followed. The initiation phase requires the nurse manager to identify the “what is “where the Gaps are missing. Using a workflow diagram can help identify the Gap in the project . This part also include the future state of the project which is where the proposed change will occur in the workflow diagram. Objectives and goals are also included in the stage. Risk, benefits and cost are also put into consideration in this stage. Similar to the nursing process, the second stage is the planning stage which is the stage of discussing about strategies, budgeting , data collection, setting up deadline, as well as assigning responsibilities to all those involved. This is summarize in the project Charter which defines how the project can process, assigning responsibilities. “It begins the process of defining the roles and responsibilities of those participants and outlines the objectives and goals of the project. The charter also identifies the main stakeholders and defines the authority of the project manager” The scope document is a formal documents that follows which set boundaries on what can and cannot be done . It also assigns responsibility of who does what. The fourth step is the execution stage where the manager shows leadership skills. The manager at this stage makes sure that everything is done on a timely manner as defined. The monitoring stage follows where there is evaluation to see which part of the project is working and which part needs improvement. Proper documentation is necessary to provide a summary of the deliveries , outcome and necessary need for change if current plan is not working . In the case study, there was an initial research process to determine how the nurse’s background knowledge was suitable for the topic. After gaining a proper understanding, a follow-up process involved determining project components to understand the connection to the entire project component. This technique validates adequate planning by the nurse. It was then possible to integrate new nursing ideas in the areas of care improvement, technology, and proper financial management since all these results are in correlation with existent healthcare needs. The design process integrated careful time allocation depending on the scheduled task



Influence of Authority Gradients on Team Selection and Formulation

Describe the influence of authority gradients on team selection and formulation. Helps to make sure that team members are assigned to various task base on their level of expertise . What is unique about this relative to health care quality and safety? Authority gradients have a lot of influence on team selection since they determine the need to adjust different processes in terms of finding a person highly conversant with the project deliverable. The formulation process was based primarily on expertise and interest in engaging in the project since these two components strongly connect to project success. It then becomes highly imperative to integrate a budget management technique in collaboration with a finance expert since this is a productive method of serving all stakeholders. Managing overlap can get eliminated once each stakeholder understands their crucial role and delivers all expected outcomes.

How Authority Gradients Influence Teamwork and Patient Safety


Authority gradients have an impact on team operations in both positive and negative ways. When team members get managed by an authoritative figure who is invested in collaboration efforts, the entire healthcare center shall ensure patient safety. All nurses, physicians, therapists, or managers shall work together to enhance quality health outcomes. In the perspective of adverse outcomes, too many authoritative gradients can affect teamwork since the person will generate confusion as each one tries to produce the best, thus leading to inefficient outcomes for different activities. Patient safety is the central goal of all healthcare environments and therefore needs adjustment to accommodate unique ideas.

Two Strategies for Identifying & Managing Overlap in Team Member Roles & Accountabilities


Performance assessment tests and observations are strategies suitable to analyze teams since it shapes the possibility of determining cases of overlap. As each team member would have already been assigned a task, there can be suitable improvements in terms of deciding competency metrics. In the proposed, observations are productive techniques applicable in handling engagement sessions and finding out the needs for improvement of productivity. During assessments, cases of overlap will be possible in terms of finding out the healthcare departments which need adjustment. Role clarification is one of the strategies of managing overlap in Team member role. It alerts the team member to be conscious of their responsibility and will be held accountable when there is conflict in role construction and boundaries .Secondly interprofessional education which is a strategy to help team members collaborate with each other effectively as professionals. Limiting conflicts and waste of resources.




Describe one benefit and one challenge for each researched strategy

The challenge of performance assessment tests includes patient factors, resource allocation, and dependence on existing medical technology. Issues are common among patients when they do not fully recover even after getting provided with advanced care. This part of the project shall then get a limitation that is unsolicited. Another challenge is resource allocation, whereby some appropriate equipment might be too expensive. In terms of medical technology, issues occur when required equipment is too costly. The challenge of observation is inaccurate data. Regardless, all strategies are beneficial since the team members have the primary goal of offering treatments.


References

Koukourikos, K., Tsaloglidou, A., Kourkouta, L., Papathanasiou, I. V., Iliadis, C., Fratzana, A.,

& Panagiotou, A. (2021). Simulation in Clinical Nursing Education. Acta Informatica

medica: AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina casopis Drustva za medicinsku information BiH, 29(1), 15–20.https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2021.29.15-20 .

Carolyn Sipes, PhD, CNS, APRN, PMP, RN-BC, NEA-BC, FAAN. (2020) PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE. ISBN: 978-0-8261-6195-6. Retrieved : https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9780826161963/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/9780826161963_Copyright.html#page_6

Use this website

https://templates.office.com/en-us/simple-gantt-chart-tm16400962

The purpose of this assignment is to create a Gantt chart to outline the tasks and schedule for the case study you selected in the Class Resources. Recall that you created a project charter as the Topic 3 assignment. Review the feedback you received from your instructor for that assignment.

Part 1: Use the feedback from the Topic 3 assignment to create a Gantt chart showing the tasks and the time in which tasks should be completed for the project.To complete this assignment, access the Simple Gantt Chart located on the Microsoft Office website at: https://templates.office.com/en-us/simple-gantt-chart-tm16400962

Part 2: Create a 250-500-word summary addressing the following:

Part 2: Create a 250-500-word summary addressing the following:

What is the value of a work breakdown structure?

What is the importance of monitoring critical success factors?

Submit both the Gantt chart and the summary to the dropbox.

Prepare the Part 2 summary according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Rubric

A Gantt Chart is present and thoroughly aligns with the tasks on the Project Charter

Gantt Chart Alignment of Deadlines

Deadlines on the Gantt Chart are present and thoroughly align to the deadlines on the Project Charter.

Deadlines on the Gantt Chart are present and thoroughly align to the deadlines on the Project Charter.

The submission is presented effectively and all of the required elements creatively contribute to the presentation of the concepts.

Running head: PROJECT CHARTER ON NURSE MANAGER ASSESSMENT 1

Running head: PROJECT CHARTER ON NURSE MANAGER ASSESSMENT 3


Project Charter on Nurse Manager Assessment

Student’s Name

Institution Affiliation

Course Name

Professor’s Name

Date

Project Charter on Nurse Manager Assessment

Part 1

Project Title: Nurse Manager Competency Improvement

Project Start Date: June 2022 Projected Finish Date: September 2022

Project Manager: (include name and e-mail)

Name

Background/Need/Justification:

Ruth has had suitable training for a master’s in nursing, which is valid in improving her adherence to the current healthcare environment. In terms of full competency in nursing operations, she must receive more skills training to learn to be a highly competent nurse manager whose expertise progresses beyond her other colleagues.

Project Objective(s):

To engage in training in areas where physical clinical sites are limited

To develop a technological system for the healthcare department

To increase understanding of real-life healthcare improvement needs

Applicable Industry Standards:

Using current technology in nursing has both positive and negative outcomes that all operate to serve the healthcare industry. Taking part in educational sessions where Ruth is not allowed to administer medication, at hospitals where medical records are confidential, and when dealing with a shortage of healthcare trainers for patients (Koukourikos et al., 2021). Nursing management shall get attained using the good opportunities to allow nursing Ruth to generate better learning and health improvement for patients. They can get theoretical concepts and then find it easier to get integrated into the professional environment. Improving registered nursing operations is possible using project management which serves the entire health management procedure. Project management can enhance decision-making by integrating sessions which produce real-life experiences for patients then nurses can get involved in managing patient requirements (Guerrero et al., 2021). As a registered nurse with a master of nursing, Ruth shall gain better experience since project management shall assist them in closing the gap between theoretical

coursework and skills. Integration of a real-life healthcare environment shall push nurses to perform in a better capacity even as they learn about concepts required in project management. Advanced project management technology generates a better method of boosting Ruth’s expertise.

Budget Information:

Financial management of the project is mandatory to ensure each section gets connected to its expected productivity. Money allocation is required for the IT process at the ABC Medical Center. The entire project allocation process for each phase and understanding of intricate components shall increase productive outcomes. Collaboration with Becky offers more positive results.

Deliverables:

Healthcare reforms are possible using project management technology that shall produce Ruth as a registered nurse with a master of nursing who shall display versatile, highly experienced, and capable of promoting clinical adherence to healthcare environment requirements.

Risks and Potential Issues:

Disadvantages of new skill introduction and nursing technology include the issue of being unreal affects proper clinical procedures, the expenses involved in the process are too much, there is a mandatory requirement for technical maintenance, and limited training for healthcare educators. Financial handling problems can also occur in the concept.

Project Timeline:

Key milestones

Team Member Responsible

Planned Target Date

Actual Date

Implement new technology

IT personnel

12 June

Develop a project timeline

Ruth

5 June

Financial projections

Becky

12 June

Purchase of materials

Project foreman

12 June

Daily project development

5 August

Project Team: Roles and Responsibilities:

Position

Position

Position

Position

Ruth – project manager

IT personnel

Becky- finances manager

Project foreman

Approval/Review Committee:

Name and Signature

Role

Position

Contact Information

Part 2

Q 1

Developing the charter made it possible to understand how nursing improvement is critical in the current environment during the process of creating the charter. There was an initial research process to determine how the nurse’s background knowledge was suitable for the topic. After gaining a proper understanding, a follow-up process involved determining project components to understand the connection to the entire project component. This technique validates adequate planning by the ruse. It was then possible to integrate new nursing ideas in the areas of care improvement, technology, and proper financial management since all these results are in correlation with existent healthcare needs. The design process integrated careful time allocation depending on the scheduled task.

Q 2

Authority gradients have a lot of influence on team selection since they determine the need to adjust different processes in terms of finding a person highly conversant with the project deliverable. The formulation process was based primarily on expertise and interest in engaging in the project since these two components strongly connect to project success. It then becomes highly imperative to integrate a budget management technique in collaboration with a finance expert since this is a productive method of serving all stakeholders. Managing overlap can get eliminated once each stakeholder understands their crucial role and delivers all expected outcomes.

Q 3

Authority gradients have an impact on team operations in both positive and negative ways. When team members get managed by an authoritative figure who is invested in collaboration efforts, the entire healthcare centre shall ensure patient safety. All nurses, physicians, therapists, or managers shall work together to enhance quality health outcomes. In the perspective of adverse outcomes, too many authoritative gradients can affect teamwork since the person will generate confusion as each one tries to produce the best, thus leading to inefficient outcomes for different activities. Patient safety is the central goal of all healthcare environments and therefore needs adjustment to accommodate unique ideas.

Q 4

Performance assessment tests and observations are strategies suitable to analyze teams since it sha be possible to determine cases of overlap. As each team member would have already been assigned a task, there can be suitable improvements in terms of deciding competency metrics. In the proposed, observations are productive techniques applicable in handling engagement sessions and finding out the needs for improvement of productivity. During assessments, cases of overlap will be possible in terms of finding out the healthcare departments which need adjustment.

Q5

The challenge of performance assessment tests includes patient factors, resource allocation, and dependence on existing medical technology. Issues are common among patients when they do not fully recover even after getting provided with advanced care. This part of the project shall then get a limitation that is unsolicited. Another challenge is resource allocation, whereby some appropriate equipment might be too expensive. In terms of medical technology, issues occur when required equipment is too costly. The challenge of observation is inaccurate data. Regardless, all strategies are beneficial since the team members have the primary goal of offering treatments.

References

Koukourikos, K., Tsaloglidou, A., Kourkouta, L., Papathanasiou, I. V., Iliadis, C., Fratzana, A.,

& Panagiotou, A. (2021). Simulation in Clinical Nursing Education. Acta Informatica

medica: AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina casopis Drustva za medicinsku information BiH, 29(1), 15–20.https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2021.29.15-20 .

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