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A group of psychiatric patients taking second generation antipsychotics developed Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from
defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is
increasing—more than 9% of the adult U.S. population currently has this disorder. Diabetes is a
leading cause of blindness, renal disease, and amputation and leads to increased mortality,
primarily from cardiovascular events. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is a blood test that
determines the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after an overnight fast or after not eating
for at least 8 hours. An FPG of ≥126 indicates that a person has Type 2 diabetes. Supposed the
following test results were obtained for a screening test for diabetes with a cutoff ≥126 mg/dl.
A. Label the table with TP, FP, FN, and TN. Add the total to complete the table
Diabetes |
Non-Diabetes |
Total |
|
Positive Test Results |
27 |
25 |
? |
Negative Test Results |
14 |
34 |
? |
Total |
? |
? |
? |
B.
Calculate the sensitivity for this test. What does it mean in words?
C.
Calculate the specificity for this test. What does it mean in words? 34/100
Problem 14:
The state of Minnesota has a lower infant mortality rate, or, 4.47 deaths per 1,000 live births
[33]
, which reflects that the state of Minnesota cares a lot compared most states in the U.S.
Calculate the infant Mortality rate for Hispanic.
Step 1: Mortality rate = Number of deaths / deaths by the total population at risk x 1,000
Step 2: 10.8 / 4.47 x 1,000 = 24.2
Problem 13:
What is the
crude birth rate for 2009?
Problem 15:
Disease + |
Disease − |
Total |
|
Test + |
TP |
FP |
TP + FP (those who test positive) |
Test − |
FN |
TN |
FN + TN (those who test negative) |
Total |
TP + FN (those with disease) |
FP + TN (those w/out disease) |
N |
SEN = (TP) / (those with disease) [note: TP = (SEN)(TP + FN)]
= (TP) / (TP + FN)
SPEC = (TN) / (those without disease) [note: TN = (SPEC)(FP + TN)]
= (TN) / (TN + FP)
PVP = (TP) / (those who test positive)
= (TP) / (TP + FP)
PVN = (TN) / (those who test negative)
= (TN) / (TN + FN)
True prevalence = (TP + FN) / N [also known as
prior probability]
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