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Problem 5

A group of psychiatric patients taking second generation antipsychotics developed Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from

defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is

increasing—more than 9% of the adult U.S. population currently has this disorder. Diabetes is a

leading cause of blindness, renal disease, and amputation and leads to increased mortality,

primarily from cardiovascular events. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is a blood test that

determines the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after an overnight fast or after not eating

for at least 8 hours. An FPG of ≥126 indicates that a person has Type 2 diabetes. Supposed the

following test results were obtained for a screening test for diabetes with a cutoff ≥126 mg/dl.

A. Label the table with TP, FP, FN, and TN. Add the total to complete the table

Diabetes

Non-Diabetes

Total

Positive Test Results

27

25

?

Negative Test Results

14

34

?

Total

?

?

?

B.
Calculate the sensitivity for this test. What does it mean in words?

C.
Calculate the specificity for this test. What does it mean in words? 34/100

Problem 14:

The state of Minnesota has a lower infant mortality rate, or, 4.47 deaths per 1,000 live births

[33]
, which reflects that the state of Minnesota cares a lot compared most states in the U.S.
Calculate the infant Mortality rate for Hispanic.



Step 1: Mortality rate = Number of deaths / deaths by the total population at risk x 1,000

Step 2: 10.8 / 4.47 x 1,000 = 24.2

Problem 13:

What is the
crude birth rate for 2009?



Problem 15:

Disease +

Disease −

Total

Test +

TP

FP

TP + FP

(those who test positive)

Test −

FN

TN

FN + TN

(those who test negative)

Total

TP + FN

(those with disease)

FP + TN

(those w/out disease)

N

SEN = (TP) / (those with disease) [note: TP = (SEN)(TP + FN)]

= (TP) / (TP + FN)

SPEC = (TN) / (those without disease) [note: TN = (SPEC)(FP + TN)]

= (TN) / (TN + FP)

PVP = (TP) / (those who test positive)

= (TP) / (TP + FP)

PVN = (TN) / (those who test negative)

= (TN) / (TN + FN)

True prevalence = (TP + FN) / N [also known as
prior probability]

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