Need help on writing an Executive Summary.

If you are looking for affordable, custom-written, high-quality, and non-plagiarized papers, your student life just became easier with us. We are the ideal place for all your writing needs.


Order a Similar Paper Order a Different Paper

Need help on writing an Executive Summary.

Need help on writing an Executive Summary.
Running head: SITUATIONAL REPORT 0 Situational Report Student Name Institutional Affiliation Situational Report The position I take for the situational report is that of the Chief of Police. After the resignation of the previous chief due to public pressure, the governor appointed an interim chief. The main function of the interim Chief of Police is to heal the community and restore trust in the police department. The interim chief also has the authority to evaluate policy and address employment in the agency. The first issue to address as interim chief is the racial disparity within the police department. The community in Courtelaney Pass consists of numerous minorities, but the police department is 94% white. As such, new policies are required to ensure the demographic within the department represents the community at large. The entrance exam should be standardized to allow more recruits to pass and join the department. Representative policing is key to having a more inclusive community. The intersection cameras are another issue that requires reform. Statistics indicate that black people and travelers passing through are the majority population that receives tickets. Also, there is not much support for the cameras from the residents. The first course of action is to stop officers from running radar at the 50-yard stretch with a sudden speed limit. The second is to mandate all traffic officers to allow motorists 10 mph over the speed limit. Harsh traffic citations are only antagonizing the public and damages the relationship the public has with law enforcement. Racism is a recurrent theme in Courtelaney Pass. The town’s KKK group is attempting a revival, and there is great racial disparity within the police department and constant racial riots. The black community openly discloses that policing is discriminatory and uses excessive force. Black people are more likely to face traffic offenses, and crimes against minority groups are usually not investigated to a conclusion. One way to combat racism is to recruit police officers from minority communities. Minority communities may respond better to policing when members of their community are those who patrol their neighborhoods. Cases such as killing of the drug dealer would be avoided if enforcement operations were not racially divisive. The police chief should conduct consultation meetings with the leaders of minority communities to get a perspective of their situation and their immediate concerns. The police should also be mandated to use non-lethal force when dealing with riots. Improving race relations is the only way to prevent future riots and mistrust of the police. Another problematic issue for the city is drug dealing. Violent crime is on the rise due to the increase in drug dealers. The fact that most drug dealers are in minority neighborhoods makes policing difficult as the locals do not trust the police and are unlikely to cooperate. Local drug dealers are also responsible for property crimes, especially against undocumented individuals, because they are unlikely to report. Improving the relationship between the community and the police will increase cooperation, making it easier to flush out criminals. A major concern is the incompetence of the medical examiner. The medical examiner Dr. Clausen is a major obstacle to the department’s investigations. The doctor is unprofessional as he establishes causes of death without performing an autopsy. He is also very stubborn as he is not willing to listen to alternate opinions regarding investigations. Over half a dozen deaths were homicide cases, but Dr. Clausen classified them as death due to venom poisoning. Most of those cases may have been solved had he provided an alternative medical report consistent with the circumstances.
Need help on writing an Executive Summary.
Term Project/Situational Report Courtelaney Pass is a mid-sized municipality in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 80,000 residents made up of: 55% white, 38% black, and 7% Hispanic. The primary industry is agricultural and industrial with the unemployment rate at 8.7%. By national standards the city would be considered “blue collar” with a median household income of $38,000. The school system remains troubled as the drop-out rate is high and, other than the elementary schools, the middle and high schools have perpetual “D” ratings. There is a great deal of “southern pride” evident in this community as confederate flags are frequently flown and unfortunately, the fledgling local KKK is attempting to revitalize itself. Two out of the five city council members are considered “good old boys” that are satisfied with the status quo and are apathetic towards the civil unrest that has been percolating in the black community. Within the past twelve months there have been protests in the black community that have steadily been growing. Those residents complain that policing is biased against them and that unnecessary and excessive force is commonplace, especially amongst young black males. Due to recent nationwide events surrounding similar claims, the national media is paying particular attention to Courtelaney Pass. The police department is appropriately sized to police this jurisdiction. The chief is a 42-year-old white male who has been with the department for twenty years working his way up the ranks. He has no college degree but is working towards it via on-line classes. The demographics of the agency do not mirror the community as 94% of the department is white. The only minorities in the agency works in non-sworn support roles. The chief claims that he is attempting to attract minority applicants but the majority of those interested cannot pass the entrance exam. He claims that those who can pass end up going to work for the state police instead where the salary is $12,000 per year more. Questionable Enforcement Tactics? There are eight major intersections in Courtelaney Pass (CP) and each is equipped with intersection cameras. As municipalities that employ such devices share the revenue from fines with the manufacturer, the city averages $2.1 million dollars per year in revenue from these fines. The constitutionality of this practice is highly debated, and public support is low according to recent surveys. A local “action group” has filed a lawsuit against the city in an attempt to remove these cameras; this lawsuit is pending a court date. A recent study conducted by a local CP reporter indicated that per capita, the revenue generated for the city is twice as high as any similarly situated city in the state that utilizes these cameras. The reporter also alluded to the fact (not substantiated yet) that black residents are twice as likely as whites to be ticketed for intersection violations. Courtelaney Pass is listed by AAA as the “Biggest Speed Trap in the South” as a major highway runs north to south through the town. Particularly, the speed limit reduces from 55 mph to 35 mph in a 50-yard stretch of road and consistently a police officer is running radar (in a concealed fashion) at the 35 mph speed sign. The CP reporter has also written that blacks and out of town travelers passing through receive 87% of the speeding tickets. This statement is backed up by the reporter’s study of statistics from the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. The reporter has also spoken to former officers (off the record) who report that the Chief of Police mandates that each officer issue at least 12 citations per shift. It is common that most traffic enforcers allow a motorist 10 mph over the posted limit, but during a recent interview with the chief he has stated that he has a “zero tolerance for speed, as it kills” so he instructs his officers to issue tickets for 5 mph over the limit. The chief would not comment on the 12-citation minimum per shift policy. As Courtelaney Pass has recently seen its violent crime rate soar by 35%, the chief believes that this is due to the proliferation of street drugs being sold in open air, drive up, drug markets. These “markets” are located on the southern edge of the city where the majority of the population is minority. The CP Police Narcotics Unit conducts regular and aggressive enforcement actions including crack cocaine search warrants and reverse sales operations wherein undercover officers pose as drug sellers and customers are arrested for purchasing. During one of these operations, a shooting occurred wherein a known dealer shot at the undercover officer who returned fire, killing the dealer. The ensuing internal affairs investigation cleared the officer and the day that this report was made public, rioting erupted in the minority community. This unrest spilled over into the down- town area requiring the chief of police to call in re-enforcements from neighboring agencies and the state police. As a result, 13 businesses were badly damaged, 8 officers injured, and 112 rioters and looters were arrested. The minority community has warned that if relations do not immediately improve with the police that more unrest was certain. After this shooting incident and subsequent riots, the chief has suspended all narcotic enforcement actions in the area. Political Influences The 5,600 Hispanic residents are counted only as those who responded to the census or were property owners. It is estimated that an additional 5,000 + undocumented immigrants also call Courtelaney Pass home. The majorities of these folks work in the immense strawberry fields and orange groves and are paid $5.00 per hour in cash (off the books). It is very common for these migrants to be the victims of home invasion robberies on pay day. Local drug dealers and MS13 gangsters kick in their doors, take their hard-earned cash, and occasionally even rape their wives. The CP Police Sergeant that oversees street crimes reports that these migrants are easy prey as they will not report these crimes to the police for fear of being deported. The sergeant addressed this issue at a city council meeting where no words of wisdom were offered to him. At the conclusion of the meeting, in the parking lot, a white city councilman told the sergeant “I couldn’t care less what happens to those people…. they don’t vote!!!” More Revelations 4 years ago, Kayla Williams disappeared from her bedroom. Kayla, a 9-year-old African American child was sleeping in her bed in a very small bedroom with no air-conditioning so, as typical, her window was open. Her mother found her bed empty the next morning and frantically called the police. The responding officer from Courtelaney Pass Police Department downplayed the mother’s fears by stating that Kayla probably ran away. The officer told her to call back if Kayla did not come home by the next day and left without documenting the incident. The horrified mother spoke with her father who told her that the police would not help them as they are “the wrong color” and they must help themselves. The family and friends convened a search party and two days later found Kayla’s body in a cypress swamp bordering Lake Diemer. She was wearing her night shirt, no panties, and there were no visible signs of trauma or injury. The police were summoned to the scene and two officers responded. Upon viewing her body, which laid on its back almost in a peaceful sleeping position, the officers notified the forensics unit and one technician came to the scene. The body was photographed, and the area was searched for any sign of evidence. Numerous footprints, large and small, were detected in the immediate area which was no surprise; the area is a favorite fishing spot. Most of the footprints were photographed, but plaster casts were not made. Kayla’s ripped panties were discovered on the leaf covered trail that leads to the water’s edge. The medical examiner responded to the scene and removed the body. The following day, Det. Singer attended the autopsy which was to be performed by Dr. Elmer Clausen, a lifelong resident of CP. Det. Singer was surprised that the doctor did not perform a full autopsy wherein the body cavity was opened and internal organs examined, nor did he perform a sexual assault examination. When asked by Det. Singer, the doctor stated that he had already “surmised” that she had died as a result of a snake bite, probably from a water moccasin. He pointed out two small puncture type wounds on the back side of Kayla’s right thigh. He promised Singer that toxicology would support his belief. When Singer questioned him about the ripped panties, he replied “That’s your job; there is a scratch by her upper thigh that looks like a tree branch hit her, it probably ripped her panties and they fell off”. When Det. Singer reported this to his Sergeant, he was told that there is no fighting Dr. Clausen…. historically what he says goes!! Kayla Williams “official” cause of death was snake venom poisoning, even though the toxicological results were still pending, and she was buried the following week. The black community was outraged at what it deemed an insufficient investigation due to the fact that Kayla, and her family, was poor and black. Det. Singer, who was relatively new to the police department and area, was invited to lunch with a reporter from the Courtelaney Journal. The reporter told Singer that this was not the first time a young minority girl had been found dead under suspicious circumstances in Courtelaney. During the past seven years, three other pre-teens, two Hispanic, one black, were discovered “missing” from their bedrooms and later their bodies were discovered in wooded areas. Reportedly, none had obvious signs of trauma and all were deemed “Death by Non-Homicide” by Dr. Clausen. Very recently, retired CP police Detective Sid Throtmorten became terminally ill and called for his best friend and local plumber Tom Johnson to come to his bedside. Sid, knowing that he was hours away from death told Tom that he had to make something right before he died. He asked Tom if Tom remember Officer Iozzi who worked for the agency for ten years before being fired for gross insubordination. Tom vaguely recalled Iozzi. Throtmorten told Tom that Iozzi was attracted to young girls and that he had raped and killed that “little Kayla girl”. He further advised that Iozzi, also a former police defensive tactics instructor, bragged that by utilizing a “carotid choke hold” he could kill someone without leaving marks on the victim’s neck. Just before dying, Throtmorten also reported that other officers, still with the agency, are aware of what Iozzi did. After being terminated from the department, Iozzi moved to Idaho. Tom reported this revelation to Det. Singer. One month ago, as a result of continual racial tensions and allegations of corruption, the Chief of Police resigned under pressure. Governor Neely has installed an interim Chief of Police to heal the community, examine and evaluate policy, practices, and procedures, and restore the faith and trust of the people. He also appointed a Special Prosecutor to examine all things of legal relevance to the issues in this community. The Special Prosecutor must evaluate civil and criminal issues pertaining to the governance of Courtelaney Pass and utilize his/her legal power as needed to issue subpoenas, search/arrest warrants, etc. The Interim Chief of Police has brought with him/her a special investigator who will hold the rank of Captain of Investigations. This individual will evaluate, examine, lead, and investigate all issues pertaining to criminal acts. Instructions After carefully reading and studying this situational report, contemplate which of these three roles/tracks you wish to assume for your senior project: Chief of Police- You have full authority to examine all policies and practices within the agency. As such, you can make policy, dispose of bad policy, and address employment and hiring concerns. You will be responsible to effectively deal with the racial unrest and identify its core. You have the power to hire, fire, demote, and/or promote. Special Prosecutor- Your role is to examine, evaluate, and act upon any and all legal issues, civil and criminal, that may arise from your research and investigation. This includes hiring practices, enforcement techniques and strategies, issues relative to discrimination, excessive force, and evidence handling issues. You can issue subpoenas, search and arrest warrants, wire-tap orders, and any and all other legal tactics available. You would also serve as the prosecutor for any arrests made under this inquiry. Captain of Investigations- Lead, and participate in, all criminal and forensic investigations and issues that arise from the situational report. Suspect identification, location, arrest, forensic analysis, setting strategies for needed criminal investigations, and execution of search warrants, arrest warrants, etc. are some of the typical duties involved. Deliverables Identification of Research and Investigative Issues and Questions: From the situational report, comprise a list of concerns and issues that are relative to your position. Hint: There are a least a half dozen issues and concerns for each position. You must articulate why your issue is a concern and not simply list it without explanation. For example: Do not simply list “Ticket Quotas”. If you feel this is an issue, explain why you feel ticket quotas may be problematic for the city. List those issues very specifically as this will be the launch pad for your over-all inquiry. This is due in Module 2. Annotated Bibliography: Utilizing the Saint Leo Library and any other supplemental resources, locate at least ten (10) peer reviewed articles regarding your inquiry. During this assignment you will have the opportunity to examine what the experts have researched, studied, and written about in your specific discipline. There is a plethora of articles related to civil and criminal law, as well as case law, leadership issues regarding hiring, promotion, anti-discrimination, civil unrest, forensic science, DNA analysis, exhumation procedures, etc. Utilize library resources in addition to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ in order to refresh yourself on creating an annotated bibliography. Your assignment requires 10 annotated bibliographies relative to your situation report position. This is due in Module 3. Literature Review: Utilizing your annotated bibliography, create a brief literature review that synthesizes what you have learned from your research. Utilize library resources in addition to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ in order to refresh yourself on creating a literature review. Your literature review should be 3-4 pages. This is due in Module 4. Preliminary Report – Executive Summary: Create an executive summary for the Governor. In this summary, you will synopsize what you have determined and accomplished thus far and what you anticipate discovering and accomplishing in the future. Remember, the Governor is counting on you to execute your duties with precision. Your executive summary should be 4-5 pages. This is due in Module 5. Formal Presentation: You will be reporting to the Governor all of your findings, actions, and remedies during this PowerPoint presentation. It is vitally important to focus on issues that you identified and why/how you dealt with those issues. Your presentation must be professionally presented with appropriate transitions, animations, video (if utilized), notes from interviews you may have had with real-life experts, and highly detailed with specificity. This will be an in-class presentation and you should have at least 15 slides. The draft of this is due in Module 7, the final version is due in Module 8.
Need help on writing an Executive Summary.
SAMPLE EXECUTIVE BRIEFING Courtelaney Pass Executive Briefing Courtelaney Pass Prepared by: Chief of Police Attn: Governor Introduction Courtelaney Pass is experiencing issues that are not new or unique to our community. These issues are felt across the country and often a result of built up tensions and past leadership mistakes. As the Chief of police, I take full responsibility to address these issues. If Courtelaney Pass does not make changes soon, there is a realistic expectation that the US DOJ will attempt to enter into a Consent Decree, removing control from the Courtelaney Pass Police Department and giving it to the US DOJ. I request your support in taking action to change the climate of Courtelaney Pass and make this community great again. What Happened Approximately four years ago, a nine year old African-American female went missing. After receiving little to no support from the Courtelaney Pass Police Department (CPPD), the family initiated a search team and discovered the little girl’s body in the woods a short time later. The community suspected the little girl’s death was not adequately investigated due to the color of the girl’s skin. A short time later it was determined that multiple minorities had disappeared in similar circumstances over the previous years and one of the subjects of interest was a former CPPD officer. Growing reports of gang, drug activity, and an increase in violent crimes led to a heavy handed approach of police. These tactics were conducted mainly in the minority neighborhoods and outskirts of town where a large Hispanic community resides. Police utilized stop and frisk detentions more frequently and targeted predominantly minority males, in the age range of sixteen to thirty. A short time later, officers attempted to apprehend a known drug dealer in the community and an officer involved shooting occurred. The suspected drug dealer was killed and the racial tensions erupted, despite internal investigations revealing the shooting was justified by the officer. Years of racial tensions between the CPPD and the community have resulted in and us verse them mentality. Citizens are less likely to report incidents due to a feeling of inadequacy and ineptitude by the CPPD. Feelings of racial divide and past indiscretions from CPPD administrations have left the community feeling alone and not supported. The community feels a divide and unless things change, these feelings of resentment will continue to grow. Courtelaney Pass is at a major breaking point. What I Have Done as Interim Chief of Police As current interim Chief of Police, I have appointed a special Captain of Investigations. Captain Alpha will oversee current and future investigations. I have recommended Captain Alpha rotate out multiple officers from the investigators office and back on to patrol. The positions they held in his office were replaced with subjects selected after completing a series of oral interview boards and examinations. CPPD feels this change will help restore faith in our detective’s office. All testing was conducted based upon the CPPD standards and operating procedures (SOP) set by our state accreditation board. The change in leadership with the appointment of a new Chief and Captain of Investigation is the very beginnings of transparency and reestablishing police legitimacy within our communities. These leadership changes will help mend ties within the community (Mentel, 2012). However, these changes will only work if the CPPD embraces this change from the ground up; otherwise we are merely reinforcing a broken system (Contract Journal, 2002). I am continually working on methods to aid in crime reduction within Courtelaney Pass. I am still a firm believer in the Broken Windows theory of proactive policing. With our proactive policing tactics in these high crime areas, I believe the CPPD can make a huge impact in reducing the crime statistics in the area. I agree that the use of the Broken Window theory was an excuse for officers to have an increased number of tier two stops where terry frisks were improperly used (Kelling, 2015). I have issued body worn cameras (BWC) to all members of the CPPD department, to include command staff, and hope this will alleviate the use of improper stop and frisk detentions. I have begun the creation of a citizen oversight board for the CPPD (US DOJ: Community Oriented Policing Services, 2018). CPPD is consulting with neighboring agencies to see recommendations for the application process, makeup of the CPPD board, and additions to the SOP. Once the citizen oversight board is created, I will have them periodically review random BWC footage with department supervisors. They will also be part of the review committee on any officer complaints, use of force, and any high profile incidents. What I Still Need to Do as Chief of Police As Chief of police, I need to continue to improve relationships between the law enforcement officers and our community. I am working to finalize a citizen oversight board for the CPPD. I am working with Crime Stoppers USA and neighboring agencies to create a local crime stoppers tip line (Crime Stoppers, 2020). This tip line would enable Courtelaney Pass community members to provide anonymous tips. These tip lines would ensure community members feel safe in providing crime information, while increasing the information being submitted to the investigations division. I feel the creation of these anonymous tips lines that are used in communities throughout the US, will help our migrant Hispanic community that is typically less likely to directly call or file reports with the police department (Crime Stoppers, 2020). I have begun exploring options to increase community oriented policing and increase the legitimacy of the CPPD. Communities like Rockford, IL are exploring the use of police officer housing in high crime areas (Austen, 2018). These courtesy officers would live in housing paid for the by the city, in areas determined to be high crime, expected to perform beat policing, and create community oriented events. By installing officers permanently and making them available to those citizens 24 hours a day, it provides the community a sense that officers genuinely care about what is occurring in their backyards. Rockford PD has experienced great success with this nontraditional approach to community policing (Austen, 2018). All CPPD officers, to include command staff, have been issued body worn cameras (BWC). I am working to introduce vehicle cameras, synchronization with vehicle emergency equipment, and enabling GPS software to make law enforcement officers accountable. BWC are not always embraced by the rank and file due to their big brother (Swanson, Territo, & Taylor, 2017). However, modern policing has changed and transparency is more important than ever. As all officers working for the CPPD are wearing the same equipment and would be tracked by the same technology, I hope the rank and file will be quick to accept these changes. I am working to change traffic enforcement within our agency. Currently Courtelaney Pass has eight speed detection cameras within the city. These cameras are controversial and have led many to believe CPPD is targeting individuals through an illegal speed trap. The US Supreme Court ruled speed detection cameras as constitutional (Hughes v. City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2016). However, the current camera system utilizes a third party company to issue administrative citations. The CPPD is currently working on a grant to both evaluate the placement of these cameras and to transition the cameras from private to public control. Similarly to areas like Savannah, GA, this would allow for a certified law enforcement officer to review the images and then utilize officer discretion in issuing uniform traffic citations (Gazaway, 2020). Utilizing a certified officer would enable officer discretion in issuing the citations and allow the accused to contest the citation in court (Lichtenberg, 2003). CPPD has also looked into utilizing Special Purpose Local Sales Tax (SPLOST) programs to explore the placement of the speed detection cameras, the creation of a position to review the images, and the redistribution of revenue (GA Department of Education, 2020). Cities typically benefit from the revenue generated by the traffic enforcement cameras (Gazaway, 2020). I am currently working with city council and the state to look into redistributing those funds to our local schools to help create afterschool programs, mentoring opportunities, and increasing higher education partnerships. We are also in discussions with the school board and city attorney to create a number of intern positions at the CPPD and scholarship opportunity. I am working with our local school system to begin new programs and partnerships. While I look forward to this cooperation with the school system, I will not be able to improve the youth outlook on education or CPPD without a partnership with the community (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2019). I need the next generation to know that education is important to their future and that without graduating high school, they will have extra hurdles to conquer (Do Something, 2020). While youth tends to see law enforcement as adversarial, by creating partnerships with the adults in Courtelaney Pass and increasing community outreach, my hope is that the younger generation is better able to visualize themselves within their community (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2019). While I have begun to implement shift and roll call trainings, I have consulted with the Georgia Peace Officers Standard and Training Council (POST) to help CPPD in the creation of yearly training. GA POST requires twenty hours of training in community policing, de-escalation tactics, implicit bias, and use of force (GA POST, 2020). In utilizing their standards, CPPD can begin to address implicit bias within the agency, as well as ensure all officers are properly trained according to other agency and states requirements. I have also invited the US Department of Justice to conduct a voluntary audit of our uniform crime reports and community interactions (Beckham, 2015). I am currently awaiting a response. Conclusions and Policy Implications As the Chief of police, I take full responsibility to address and correct these issues. If Courtelaney Pass does not address these issues soon, there is a realistic expectation of the US DOJ entering into a Consent Decree. Courtelaney Pass is experiencing issues felt across the country due to built up tensions and past leadership mistakes. Changes need to be made to Courtelaney Pass to regain the confidence of this community. I request your support in my proposed changes for Courtelaney Pass to make this community great again. References. Austen, B. (2018, June 21). Peace Officers. Retrieved from https://newrepublic.com/article/148854/peace-officers Beckham, B. (2015). Excessive Force. Silver Springs: Beckham Publications Group, In. Contract Journal. (July 24, 2002). A QUESTION OF PEOPLE. Contract Journal. Retrieved from https://advance-lexis-com.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:46NM-XPC0-007C-Y1F4-00000-00&context=1516831. Crime Stoppers. (2020, April 1). Crime Stoppers. Retrieved from Crime Stoppers USA: https://www.crimestoppersusa.org/history/ Do Something. (2020, April 4). 11 Facts About High School Dropout Rates. Retrieved from DoSomething.org: https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-high-school-dropout-rates Fine, A., Kan, E., & Cauffman, E. (2019). Adolescents’ Confidence in Institutions: Do America’s Youth Differentiate Between Legal and Social Institutions? American Psychological Association, 1-10. GA Department of Education. (n.d.). SPLOST. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.gadoe.org/Finance-and-Business-Operations/Facilities-Services/Pages/Splost.aspx GA POST. (n.d.). Georgia Peace Officer Standards and Training Council. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.gapost.org/ Gazaway, Wright (2020, February 20). Red light cameras: Are they working? Retrieved from https://www.wtoc.com/2020/02/20/red-light-cameras-are-they-working/ Hughes v. City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 840 F.3d 987 (United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit November 2, 2016). Kelling, George. (August 11, 2015). Don’t blame my ‘broken windows’ theory for poor policing. Politico.com. Retrieved from https://advance-lexis-com.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5GND-KWX1-JDJ6-K3JF-00000-00&context=1516831. Lichtenberg, Illya. (2003). Police Discretion and Traffic Enforcement: A Government of Men. Cleveland State Law Review, 426-453. Lilly, R., Cullen, F., & Ball, R. (2019). Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Mentel, Zoe (2012). Racial Reconciliatition, Truth-Telling, and Police Legitimacy. Washington, D.C.: US DOJ. Swanson, C. R., Territo, L., & Taylor, R. W. (2017). Police Administration: Structures, Processes, and Behaviors. Boston: Pearson Education. US DOJ: Community Oriented Policing Services. (2018). Civilian Oversight of the Police in Major Cities. Washington, D.C.: US DOJ.

Are you stuck with another assignment? Use our paper writing service to score better grades and meet your deadlines. We are here to help!


Order a Similar Paper Order a Different Paper
Writerbay.net